THE BIG BANG
Wayne K. Cobb
Big Bang Theory - The Premise
Hawking shot to fame in the world of physics when he provided a mathematical proof for the Big Bang theory. This theory showed that the entire universe exploded from a singularity, an infinitely small point with infinite density and infinite gravity. Hawking was able to come to his proof using mathematical techniques that had been developed by Roger Penrose. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4249192.stm
According to the many experts space didn't exist prior to the Big Bang. Back in the late '60s and early '70s, when men first walked upon the moon, "three British astrophysicists, Steven Hawking, George Ellis, and Roger Penrose turned their attention to the Theory of Relativity and its implications regarding our notions of time. In 1968 and 1970, they published papers in which they extended Einstein's Theory of General Relativity to include measurements of time and space. Steven W. Hawking, George F.R. Ellis, "The Cosmic Black-Body Radiation and the Existence of Singularities in our Universe," Astrophysical Journal, 152, (1968) pp. 25-36. Steven W. Hawking, Roger Penrose, "The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 314 (1970) pp. 529-548.
According to their calculations, time and space had a finite beginning that corresponded to the origin of matter and energy." Mark Eastman, Chuck Missler, The Creator: Beyond Time and Space, (1996) p. 11.
The Big Bang singularity is a point of zero volume, but very high mass, which makes the density infinite. This singularity contained all of the matter and energy in the Universe. The initial moment of the cyclopean explosion very well remains a mystery - however, astronomers and physicists believe that after the tiniest fraction of a second, the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force separated, which probably caused the Universe to begin inflating. The Big Bang itself created space, time, and all of the matter and energy we know today. Joel Novicio, Undergraduate Physics Student, South San Francisco
The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Discoveries in astronomy and physics have shown beyond a reasonable doubt that our universe did in fact have a beginning. Prior to that moment there was nothing; during and after that moment there was something: our universe. All About Science: http://www.big-bang-theory.com/
Hmmmm? What are they saying?! Let me state the sentence again: "Prior to the singularity, nothing existed, not space, time, matter, or energy - nothing." They are saying then, that this universe we now live in, came from singularity and this singularity came from nothing! Nothing? Whoa, there, now we have something. We can get something from nothing. Wow!
According to the standard theory, our universe sprang into existence as "singularity" around 13.7 billion years ago. What is a "singularity" and where does it come from? Well, to be honest, we don't know for sure. Singularities are zones which defy our current understanding of physics. They are thought to exist at the core of "black holes." Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished into infinite density (a mathematical concept which truly boggles the mind). These zones of infinite density are called "singularities." Our universe is thought to have begun as an infinitesimally small, infinitely hot, infinitely dense, something - a singularity. Where did it come from? We don't know. Why did it appear? We don't know.
There is a question concerning this original singularity that contained all the matter of the universe. Notice the following about Black holes.
Black hole
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In general relativity, a black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, including light, can escape its pull. The black hole has a one-way surface, called an event horizon, into which objects can fall, but out of which nothing can come. It is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits it, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect blackbody in thermodynamics. Quantum analysis of black holes shows them to possess a temperature and Hawking radiation.
The diameter of a black hole of mass equal to that of the Sun is about 6 km. At distances much larger than this, the black hole has the exact same total gravitational attraction as any other body of the same mass, just like the sun. So if the sun were replaced by a black hole of the same mass, the orbits of the planets would remain unchanged.
There are several types of black holes, characterized by their typical size. When they form as a result of the gravitational collapse of a star, they are called stellar black holes..Black holes found at the center of galaxies have a mass up to several billion solar masses and are called supermassive black holes, because they are so big. Between these two scales, there are believed to be intermediate black holes with a mass of several thousand solar masses. Black holes with very small masses, believed to have formed early in the history of the Universe, during the Big Bang, might also exist, and are referred to as primordial black holes. Their existence is, at present, not confirmed.
Now think about this! The diameter of the sun is about 1,391,000 km or 864,326 miles. If one were to compress the sun to make a black hole its diameter would be reduced to about 6 km or 3.72 miles in diameter. Scientists, in the above, also tell us that there are supermassive black holes that are up to several billion solar masses which would make them 3,728,227,153 (3.7 billion) miles in diameter. Inside this black hole at the very center, it is said, that there is a singularity.
Now it is estimated that there is around 100 billion stars in the Milky Way which is said to be an average galaxy. Now, if all 100 billion stars in the milky way became a black hole, it would have a diameter of about 122 billion miles. Now there is estimated to be around 80 billion galaxies in the observable universe. So let's multiple 122 billion miles in diameter by 80 billion and we get a black whole whose diameter is approximately 9.760 trillion miles in diameter. What does this all mean?
It is theorized that all this matter which is compressed into a black hole over 9 trillions miles in diameter was compressed into what is called a singularity that was not only smaller in size than a dot at the end of a sentence, but it was infinitely small.
Whoa, there! There are a couple of questions that come to mind. If it takes a black hole to create a singularity inside the middle of it, how did the first singularity come into being? You know, no one knows and no one knows what happened before the singularity.
Well, before the singularity there was nothing! Tell me now who has the greater faith. Is it the scientist that believes all the matter of the universe was compressed into a singularity which came from nothing or the Christian who believes that there is an eternal God who created everything?
The Question Again: What is before the singularity of the big bang explosion?
Answer: Nobody knows the answer. In fact, we don't really know anything about the 'singularity' that is theorized to exist right before the event. We can only speculate about what was happening immediately following the expansion that we call the big bang. Our speculations are based on what we observe to be true today, and our extrapolations backward in time to what we suspect must have been true in order to arrive at the present. WikiAnswers.com
Hmmmm, even the singularity is just a theory. But these are not the end of the problems with the Big Bang theory and evolution. Look at what else is theorized.
Okay, after its initial appearance, it apparently inflated (the "Big Bang"), expanded and cooled, going from very, very small and very, very hot, to the size and temperature of our current universe. It continues to expand and cool to this day and we are inside of it: incredible creatures living on a unique planet, circling a beautiful star clustered together with several hundred billion other stars in a galaxy soaring through the cosmos, all of which is inside of an expanding universe that began as an infinitesimal singularity which appeared out of nowhere for reasons unknown. This is the Big Bang theory.
Big Bang Theory - Evidence for the Theory
What are the major evidences which support the Big Bang theory?
First of all, it is said that it is reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning.
Second, galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. This is called "Hubble's Law," named after Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) who discovered this phenomenon in 1929. This observation supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted.
Third, if the universe was initially very, very hot as the Big Bang suggests, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. In 1965, Radioastronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a 2.725 degree Kelvin (-454.765 degree Fahrenheit, -270.425 degree Celsius) Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) which pervades the observable universe. This is thought to be the remnant which scientists were looking for. Penzias and Wilson shared in the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery.
Finally, the abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins.
"There are major evidences"???? You say, "Why do you put four question marks after this sentence. Well, because they use such words like: "reasonably certain", "suggests", "this is thought", and "are thought". They are just theories, no more and no less.
Hmmmm! It doesn't sound like it is a sure bet that it happened that way.
MATTER IS NOT ETERNAL
Evolutionary scientist that do not believe in God must believe in some sort of theory that has a universe that has a beginning. If the universe was eternal, all of the suns would have burnt out trillions and trillions of years ago. Now, notice what it says on the internet site, "Zoom's Astronomy". http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/sun/sundeath.shtml, about the death of the sun.
The Sun is about 4.5 billion years old. it has used up about half of its nuclear fuel (hydrogen). In about 5 billion years from now, the sun will begin to die.
As the Sun grows old, it will expand. As the core runs out of hydrogen and then helium, the core will contact and the outer layers will expand, cool, and become less bright. It will become a red giant star.
After this phase, the outer layers of the Sun will continue to expand. As this happens, the core will contract; the helium atoms in the core will fuse together, forming carbon atoms and releasing energy. The core will then be stable since the carbon atoms are not further compressible.
Then the outer layers of the Sun drift off into space, forming a planetary nebula (a planetary nebula has nothing to do with planets), exposing the core.
Most of its mass will go to the nebula. The remaining Sun will cool and shrink; it will eventually be only a few thousand miles in diameter!
The star is now a white dwarf, a stable star with no nuclear fuel. It radiates its left-over heat for billions of years. When its heat is all dispersed, it will be a cold, dark black dwarf - essentially a dead star (perhaps replete with diamonds, highly compressed carbon).
So let's say that it took 50 billion years for the sun to reach the last state of being a cold, dark black dwarf star. Now we know that they are some huge stars in out space. So, if it took 500 billion years for even these large stars to burn out, 500 billion years is nothing compared to eternity. All of the starts in the universe would have burned out eons ago and their would be no life on earth today.
This is why evolutionary scientists say that all of the matter in the Universe was compressed into a singularity which came from nothing. If the Universe did not come into being in some manner, the evolutionary scientists are in big trouble for how do they then explain there being suns still shining today? If they don't believe in something like the Big Bang the theory, then they have to believe that an eternal God created it all. What are the evolutionary scientists to do?
The Formation of the Earth
In the beginning, it was a spinning gaseous ball that gradually cooled off over a period of billions of years to a molten ball which then cooled into a rock. Then it started raining on the earth and gradually, in that pool of primordial soup, life was born.
Comment: It is a well known fact in physics that a spinning ball of liquid will cool off into a smooth round ball and in the case of the earth, a smooth ball with no valleys or mountains, kind of like a large marble, although, not as glassy smooth as a marble is. Over the billions of years, it is said there were earthquakes and volcanoes and such like. Then it started raining on the earth. One question: Where did the rain come from to form the oceans and the Primordial Soup?
Primordial Soup
The Primordial Soup Theory suggest that life began in a pond or ocean as a result of the combination of chemicals from the atmosphere and some form of energy to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, which would then evolve into all the species.
The Primordial Soup Theory states that Life began in a warm pond/ocean from a combination of chemicals that forms amino acids, which then make proteins. This is suppose to happen at least 3.8 billion to 3.55 billion years ago.
The Russian Chemist A.I. Oparin and English Geneticist J.B.S. Haldane first conceived of this idea. Both developed this theory independently in 1920.
- In this theory, the basic building blocks of life came from simple molecule which formed in the atmosphere (w/o oxygen). This was then energized by lightning and the rain from the atmosphere created the "organic soup". The first organisms would have to be simple heterotrophs in order to survive by consuming other organisms for energy before means of photosynthesis. They would become autotrophs by mutation. Evidence now suggest the first organisms were autotrophs.
http://leiwenwu.tripod.com/primordials.htm
